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(95.0) 34.0 3.4 Trishaws Main article: Nominal income target Balance of payments model: This model however focuses largely on tradable goods and services ignoring the increasing role of global capital flows It failed to provide any explanation for the continuous appreciation of the US dollar during the 1980s and most of the 1990s despite the soaring US current account deficit. Mean years of schooling (aged 25 years and above) 11.1 years (2018), ZAR (R) 8 See also UMNO's goals are to uphold the aspirations of Malay nationalism and the dignity of race religion and country the party also aspires to protect the Malay culture as the national culture and to uphold defend and expand Islam across Malaysia; ; Geography In a fixed exchange rate regime exchange rates are decided by the government while a number of theories have been proposed to explain (and predict) the fluctuations in exchange rates in a floating exchange rate regime including:, 6.3 Water supply and sanitation 1 Economy statistics. 11 External links (79.7) 27.1, Singapore is the pricing centre and leading oil trading hub in Asia The oil industry makes up 5 per cent of Singapore's GDP with Singapore being one of the top three export refining centres in the world In 2007 it exported 68.1 million tonnes of oil The oil industry has led to the promotion of the chemical industry as well as oil and gas equipment manufacturing. Singapore has 70 per cent of the world market for both jack-up rigs and for the conversion of Floating Production Storage Offloading units It has 20 per cent of the world market for ship repair and in 2008 the marine and offshore industry employed almost 70,000 workers. Mountbatten's qualification for offering advice to this particular heir to the throne was unique; it was he who had arranged the visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth to Dartmouth Royal Naval College on 22 July 1939 taking care to include the young Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret in the invitation but assigning his nephew Cadet Prince Philip of Greece to keep them amused while their parents toured the facility This was the first recorded meeting of Charles's future parents. But a few months later Mountbatten's efforts nearly came to naught when he received a letter from his sister Alice in Athens informing him that Philip was visiting her and had agreed to permanently repatriate to Greece Within days Philip received a command from his cousin and sovereign King George II of Greece to resume his naval career in Britain which though given without explanation the young prince obeyed, Eldershield is a severe disability insurance scheme which insures against the cost of private nursing homes and related expenses Since 2002 members with a CPF Medisave account will automatically be enrolled in the scheme at the age of 40 unless they choose to opt out Three private insurers Aviva Great Eastern and NTUC Income were chosen to manage ElderShield it has 1.2 million policyholders as of 2015 with $2.6 billion collected in premiums and around $100 million in payout claims and $130 million in premium rebates between 2002 and 2015, Each Singaporean's behaviours and attitudes are influenced by among other things his or her home language and his religion Singaporeans who speak English as their native language tend to lean toward Western culture while those who speak Chinese as their native language tend to lean toward Chinese culture and Confucianism Malay-speaking Singaporeans tend to lean toward Malay culture which itself is closely linked to Islamic culture.

A parliament which can be dissolved and snap elections called at any time 4 External links. Since Singapore lacks natural freshwater rivers and lakes the primary source of domestic water is rainfall Demand for fresh water is approximately twice that supplied by rainfall so Singapore imports much of its fresh water from Malaysia and Indonesia To lessen its reliance on imports Singapore has built reservoirs to collect rainwater from both forest catchment and urban catchment run-offs and from recycled water facilities In addition Singapore has built three desalination plants on the western coast of Tuas with two more under construction They are expected to at least meet 30% of Singapore's water demands in 2060 Recent plans to produce NEWater-recycled water from treatment by filtration via reverse osmosis have been very successful as the government has opened up three plants around the island to help meet the demand; 4.2 Climate 3.2.2 Orbital variations, (1US$ to S$) Java lies between Sumatra to the west and Bali to the east Borneo lies to the north and Christmas Island is to the south It is the world's 13th largest island Java is surrounded by the Java Sea to the north Sunda Strait to the west the Indian Ocean to the south and Bali Strait and Madura Strait in the east, Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ??; Sundanese: ??) is an island of Indonesia bordered by the Indian Ocean on the south and the Java Sea on the north With a population of over 141 million (Java only) or 145 million (including the inhabitants of its surrounding islands) Java is the home to 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population and is the world's most populous island the Indonesian capital city Jakarta is located on its northwestern coast Much of Indonesian history took place on Java It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires the Islamic sultanates and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s Java dominates Indonesia politically economically and culturally Four of Indonesia's eight UNESCO world heritage sites are located in Java: Ujung Kulon National Park Borobudur Temple Prambanan Temple and Sangiran Early Man Site. Nominal Australia is in many respects a unique hybrid with influences from the United States Constitution as well as from the traditions and conventions of the Westminster system Australia is exceptional because the government faces a fully elected upper house the Senate which must be willing to pass all its legislation Although government is formed in the lower house the House of Representatives the support of the Senate is necessary in order to govern The Senate maintains the ability similar to that held by the British House of Lords prior to the enactment of the Parliament Act 1911 to block supply against the government of the day A government that is unable to obtain supply can be dismissed by the Governor-General: however this is generally considered a last resort and is a highly controversial decision to take given the conflict between the traditional concept of confidence as derived from the lower house and the ability of the Senate to block supply Many political scientists have held that the Australian system of government was consciously devised as a blend or hybrid of the Westminster and the United States systems of government especially since the Australian Senate is a powerful upper house like the U.S Senate; this notion is expressed in the nickname "the Washminster mutation" the ability of upper houses to block supply also features in the parliaments of most Australian states, In 1817 Raffles wrote and published the History of Java, describing the history of the island from ancient times as well as its geography flora and fauna. See also: Malay Islamic identity The government provides numerous assistance programmes to the homeless and needy through the Ministry of Social and Family Development so acute poverty is rare Some of the programmes include providing between SGD400 and SGD1000 per month to needy households providing free medical care at government hospitals and paying for children's school fees the Singapore government also provides numerous benefits to its citizenry including: free money to encourage residents to exercise in public gyms, up to $166,000 worth of baby bonus benefits for each baby born to a citizen, heavily subsidised healthcare money to help the disabled cheap laptops for poor students, rebates for numerous areas such as public transport, utility bills and more. See also: List of Singapore-related topics and Singapore Arts Festival, Sambal not a dish in itself but a common chilli-based accompaniment to most foods. ! Main article: Inflation targeting Singapore officially the Republic of Singapore is an island city-state in Southeast Asia It lies one degree (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south and Peninsular Malaysia to the north Singapore's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets Since independence extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 square kilometres or 50 square miles) The nation is known for its transition from a developing to a developed country in a single generation under the leadership of its founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.