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Education has always represented an area of focus for Singapore since its independence in 1965. Its emphasis on education partly reflects Singapore's virtual lack of natural resources and Singapore's need to develop its human resource and manpower capability in its continuing quest to build a knowledge-based economy. 2.1 British Colonization, Under the harsh conditions of the island his wife Olivia died on 26 November 1814 an event that devastated Raffles In 1815 he left again for England shortly before the island of Java was returned to control of the Netherlands following the Napoleonic Wars under the terms of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 Raffles had been removed from his post by the East India Company ahead of the handover and officially replaced by John Fendall on account of the poor financial performance of the colony during his administration and allegations of financial impropriety on his own part He sailed to England in early 1816 to clear his name and en route visited Napoleon who was in exile at St Helena but found him unpleasant and unimpressive, Singapore is considered a global financial hub with Singapore banks offering world-class corporate bank account facilities In the 2017 Global Financial Centres Index Singapore was ranked as having the third most competitive financial centre in the world after London and New York City (and alongside cities such as Hong Kong Tokyo San Francisco Chicago Sydney Boston and Toronto). These include multiple currencies internet banking telephone banking checking accounts savings accounts debit and credit cards fixed term deposits and wealth management services. According to the Human Rights Watch due to its role as a financial hub for the region Singapore has continually been criticised for reportedly hosting bank accounts containing ill-gotten gains of corrupt leaders and their associates including billions of dollars of Burma's state gas revenues hidden from national accounts. Singapore has attracted assets formerly held in Swiss banks for several reasons including new taxes imposed on Swiss accounts and a weakening of Swiss bank secrecy Credit Suisse the second largest Swiss bank moved its head of international private banking to Singapore in 2005.[citation needed]. The natural environment of Java is tropical rainforest with ecosystems ranging from coastal mangrove forests on the north coast rocky coastal cliffs on the southern coast and low-lying tropical forests to high altitude rainforests on the slopes of mountainous volcanic regions in the interior The Javan environment and climate gradually alters from west to east; from wet and humid dense rainforest in western parts to a dry savanna environment in the east corresponding to the climate and rainfall in these regions. .

. 2.3 Last Viceroy of India and first Governor-General (95.4) 35.2 The main language of instruction in Singapore is English which was officially designated the first language within the local education system in 1987. English is the first language learned by half the children by the time they reach preschool age and becomes the primary medium of instruction by the time they reach primary school Although Malay Mandarin and Tamil are also official languages English is the language of instruction for nearly all subjects except the official Mother Tongue languages and the literatures of those languages; these are generally not taught in English although there is provision for the use of English at the initial stages Certain schools such as secondary schools under the Special Assistance Plan (SAP) encourage a richer use of the mother tongue and may occasionally teach subjects in Mandarin Chinese A few schools have been experimenting with curricula that integrates language subjects with mathematics and the sciences using both English and a second language. History The Imperial Japanese Army was originally known simply as the Army (rikugun) but after 1928 as part of the Army's turn toward romantic nationalism and also in the service of its political ambitions it retitled itself the Imperial Army (kogun). 1.1 Before 1819 Physical and Health Education, 6.4 Malaysia Framework 3 Non-sovereign city-states, Private cars In a fixed exchange rate regime exchange rates are decided by the government while a number of theories have been proposed to explain (and predict) the fluctuations in exchange rates in a floating exchange rate regime including:. .