The position of the continents determines the geometry of the oceans and therefore influences patterns of ocean circulation The locations of the seas are important in controlling the transfer of heat and moisture across the globe and therefore in determining global climate A recent example of tectonic control on ocean circulation is the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 5 million years ago which shut off direct mixing between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans This strongly affected the ocean dynamics of what is now the Gulf Stream and may have led to Northern Hemisphere ice cover. During the Carboniferous period about 300 to 360 million years ago plate tectonics may have triggered large-scale storage of carbon and increased glaciation. Geologic evidence points to a "megamonsoonal" circulation pattern during the time of the supercontinent Pangaea and climate modeling suggests that the existence of the supercontinent was conducive to the establishment of monsoons. 5.1 Dewan Negara (Senate) Milankovitch cycles from 800,000 years ago in the past to 800,000 years in the future. According to recent studies global-mean sea level rose by 195 mm during the period from 1870 to 2004. Since 2004 satellite-based records indicate that there has been a further 43 mm of global-mean sea levels rise as of July 2017. .
. The nation's best known global brands include Singapore Airlines Changi Airport and Port of Singapore all three are amongst the most-awarded in their respective industry sectors Singapore Airlines is ranked as Asia's most-admired company and world's 19th most-admired in 2015 by Fortune's annual "50 most admired companies in the world" industry surveys It is also the world's most awarded airline including "Best international airline" by US-based Travel + Leisure reader surveys for 20 consecutive years. Changi Airport connects over 100 airlines to more than 300 cities The strategic international air hub has more than 480 "World's Best Airport" awards as of 2015 and is known as the most-awarded airport in the world. . Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution renounced the right to use force as a means of resolving disputes. This was enacted by the Japanese in order to prevent militarism which had led to conflict However in 1947 the Public Security Force was formed; later in 1954 in the early stages of the Cold War the Public Security Force formed the basis of the newly created Ground Self-Defense Force. Although significantly smaller than the former Imperial Japanese Army and nominally for defensive purposes only this force constitutes the modern army of Japan, Main article: Music of Singapore, 1965: Upon independence from Malaysia Singapore faced a small domestic market and high levels of unemployment and poverty 70 percent of Singapore's households lived in badly overcrowded conditions and a third of its people squatted in slums on the city fringes Unemployment averaged 14 percent GDP per capita was US$516 and half of the population was illiterate. Singapore's State Owned Enterprises as a percent of GDP Based on the statistical data by the year of 2012 released by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik) Java alone contributes at least 57.51% of Indonesia's GDP or equivalent to US$504 billion.
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