Other forms of monetary policy particularly used when interest rates are at or near 0% and there are concerns about deflation or deflation is occurring are referred to as unconventional monetary policy These include credit easing quantitative easing forward guidance and signaling in credit easing a central bank purchases private sector assets to improve liquidity and improve access to credit Signaling can be used to lower market expectations for lower interest rates in the future For example during the credit crisis of 2008 the US Federal Reserve indicated rates would be low for an "extended period" and the Bank of Canada made a "conditional commitment" to keep rates at the lower bound of 25 basis points (0.25%) until the end of the second quarter of 2010, Royal Navy and RAF officers watch as Vice Admiral Kogure appends his signature to the document marking the formal takeover of Seletar airfield from the Japanese 8 September 1945. The Monetary Authority of Singapore is Singapore's central bank and financial regulatory authority It administers the various statutes pertaining to money banking insurance securities and the financial sector in general as well as currency issuance The MAS has been given powers to act as a banker to and financial agent of the Government It has also been entrusted to promote monetary stability and credit and exchange policies conducive to the growth of the economy. 3.1.2 Life 11.2 Secondary material 5.9 Small-cap sell-off Currencies are traded against one another in pairs Each currency pair thus constitutes an individual trading product and is traditionally noted XXXYYY or XXX/YYY where XXX and YYY are the ISO 4217 international three-letter code of the currencies involved The first currency (XXX) is the base currency that is quoted relative to the second currency (YYY) called the counter currency (or quote currency) For instance the quotation EURUSD (EUR/USD) 1.5465 is the price of the Euro expressed in US dollars meaning 1 euro = 1.5465 dollars The market convention is to quote most exchange rates against the USD with the US dollar as the base currency (e.g USDJPY USDCAD USDCHF) The exceptions are the British pound (GBP) Australian dollar (AUD) the New Zealand dollar (NZD) and the euro (EUR) where the USD is the counter currency (e.g GBPUSD AUDUSD NZDUSD EURUSD).
In the 11th general election in 2004 Barisan Nasional under Abdullah's leadership enjoyed a landslide victory However in the 12th general election in 2008 the coalition for the first time fell short of a two-thirds majority in the Parliament UMNO Chief Ministers were ousted in the states of Selangor Perak Penang and Kedah As a result Abdullah resigned as President of UMNO and Prime Minister in 2009 He was succeeded by Najib, (96.8) 35.8 5.2 Achin and the early conflict with the Dutch It was pointed out that Malaysian air traffic controls had similarly overlapped the national territories of Brunei Indonesia and Thailand where Brunei's upper airspace is managed by Malaysia under the Kota Kinabalu Flight Information Region which also covers the Indonesian waters around Kuching Airport which is outside Malaysian territory. Main article: Singapore in Malaysia 4 Additional initiatives The Sun is the predominant source of energy input to the Earth Other sources include geothermal energy from the Earth's core tidal energy from the Moon and heat from the decay of radioactive compounds Both long- and short-term variations in solar intensity are known to affect global climate. Main article: Japanese occupation of Singapore, 4.4 Real estate Growth in the Service Sector To fulfill OECD requirements each country must draw a sample of at least 5,000 students In small countries like Iceland and Luxembourg where there are fewer than 5,000 students per year an entire age cohort is tested Some countries used much larger samples than required to allow comparisons between regions; . .
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