. Throughout this period the Malayan Emergency had been on-going The Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA) supported by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) committed acts of terror such as tearing down farms disrupting transportation and communication networks attacking police stations and so forth Their stated goal was the end of colonialism in Malaya The British declared the MCP along with several left-wing political groups illegal in 1948 In 1955 the Alliance government together with the British High Commissioner declared an amnesty for the communist insurgents who surrendered Representatives from the Alliance government also met with leaders of the MCP in an attempt to resolve the conflict peacefully as their manifesto in the election stated Chin Peng the MCP Secretary-General insisted that the MCP be allowed to contest elections and be declared a legal political party as a pre-condition to laying down arms However the Tunku rejected this leading to an impasse.
Separately some soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army continued to fight on isolated Pacific islands until at least the 1970s with the last known Japanese soldier surrendering in 1974 Intelligence officer Hiroo Onoda who surrendered on Lubang Island in the Philippines in March 1974 and Teruo Nakamura who surrendered on the Indonesian island of Morotai in December 1974 appear to have been the last holdouts, The port is the world's busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage handled with 1.15 billion gross tons (GT) handled in 2005 In terms of cargo tonnage Singapore is behind Shanghai with 423 million freight tons handled The port retains its position as the world's busiest hub for transshipment traffic in 2005 and is also the world's biggest bunkering hub with 25 million tonnes sold in the same year, British forces had planned to liberate Singapore in 1945; however the war ended before these operations could be carried out It was subsequently re-occupied by British Indian and Australian forces following the Japanese surrender in September. Meanwhile Tomoyuki Yamashita was tried by a US military commission for war crimes but not for crimes committed by his troops in Malaya or Singapore He was convicted and hanged in the Philippines on 23 February 1946. . Clashes between Chinese and Japanese forces at Pungdo and Seongwhan caused irreversible changes to Sino-Japanese relations and meant that a state of war now existed between the two countries the two governments officially declared war on August 1 Initially the general staff's objective was to secure the Korean peninsula before the arrival of winter and then land forces near Shanhaiguan. However as the navy was unable to bring the Beiyang fleet into battle in mid-August temporarily withdrew from the Yellow Sea to refit and replenish its ships. As a consequence in late August the general staff ordered an advance overland to the Zhili plain via Korea in order to the capture bases on the Liaodong Peninsula to prevent Chinese forces from interfering with the drive on Beijing the First Army with two divisions was activated on September 1 In mid-September 17 the Chinese forces defeated at Pyongyang and occupied the city as the remaining Chinese troops retreated northward The navy's stunning victory in the Yalu on September 17 was crucial to the Japanese as it allowed the Second Army with three divisions and one brigade to land unopposed on the Liaodong Peninsula about 100 miles north of Port Arthur which controlled the entry to the Bohai Gulf in mid-October. While the First Army pursued the remaining Chinese forces from Korea across the Yalu River Second Army occupied the city of Dairen on November 8 and then seized the fortress and harbor at Port Arthur on November 25 Farther north the First army's offensive stalled and was beset by supply problems and winter weather. Operators The western third of the island (West Java Banten and DKI Jakarta) has an even higher population density of nearly 1,500 per square kilometer and accounts for the lion's share of the population growth of Java. It is home to three metropolitan areas Greater Jakarta (with outlying areas of Greater Serang and Greater Sukabumi) Greater Bandung and Greater Cirebon, The opposite of expansionary monetary policy is contractionary monetary policy which maintains short-term interest rates higher than usual or which slows the rate of growth in the money supply or even shrinks it This slows short-term economic growth and lessens inflation Contractionary monetary policy can lead to increased unemployment and depressed borrowing and spending by consumers and businesses which can eventually result in an economic recession if implemented too vigorously.
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