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Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor (69.1) 21.1 1 Terminology House of Representatives Monarchy Disintermediated Westminster system: many non-reserve powers which would have been exercised by the Emperor of Japan on the advice of the Cabinet in an unmodified system are exercised directly by the Prime Minister and Imperial reserve powers do not exist. . . Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore portal, (82.4) 28.3 In 1811 after the annexation of the Kingdom of Holland by France during Napoleon's war Raffles had no choice but to leave the country He mounted a military expedition against the Dutch and French in Java Indonesia The war was swiftly conducted by Admiral Robert Stopford General Frederick Augustus Wetherall and Colonel Robert Rollo Gillespie who led a well-organized army against an army of mostly French conscripts with little proper leadership, See also: List of Singapore-related topics and Singapore Arts Festival.

. Republic of Singapore Because many countries have set national performance targets based on their relative rank or absolute PISA score PISA assessments have increased the influence of their (non-elected) commissioning body the OECD as an international education monitor and policy actor which implies an important degree of 'policy transfer' from the international to the national level; PISA in particular is having "an influential normative effect on the direction of national education policies". Thus it is argued that the use of international standardised assessments has led to a shift towards international external accountability for national system performance; Rey contends that PISA surveys portrayed as objective third-party diagnoses of education systems actually serve to promote specific orientations on educational issues.