. ; 3 Singapore is the pricing centre and leading oil trading hub in Asia The oil industry makes up 5 per cent of Singapore's GDP with Singapore being one of the top three export refining centres in the world In 2007 it exported 68.1 million tonnes of oil The oil industry has led to the promotion of the chemical industry as well as oil and gas equipment manufacturing. Singapore has 70 per cent of the world market for both jack-up rigs and for the conversion of Floating Production Storage Offloading units It has 20 per cent of the world market for ship repair and in 2008 the marine and offshore industry employed almost 70,000 workers, Companies linked to the government control much of the domestic media in Singapore. MediaCorp operates most free-to-air television channels and free-to-air radio stations in Singapore There are a total of seven free-to-air TV channels offered by Mediacorp. Starhub Cable Vision (SCV) also offers cable television with channels from all around the world and Singtel's Mio TV provides an IPTV service. Singapore Press Holdings a body with close links to the government controls most of the newspaper industry in Singapore, (79.5) 27.5 Singapore gained independence as the Republic of Singapore (remaining within the Commonwealth of Nations) on 9 August 1965 with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively In 1967 the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth support for business entrepreneurship and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century and the country progressed to a First World country. Further economic success continued through the 1980s with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999 During the 1980s Singapore began to upgrade to higher-technological industries such as the wafer fabrication sector in order to compete with its neighbours which now had cheaper labour Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed the Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period Singapore emerged as an important transportation and logistics hub and a major tourist destination.
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Since self-government in 1959 Singapore has had only three Prime Ministers, In Cyprus the Phoenician settlement of Kition (in present-day Larnaca) was a city-state that existed from around 800 BC until the end of the 4th century BC, Currencies are traded against one another in pairs Each currency pair thus constitutes an individual trading product and is traditionally noted XXXYYY or XXX/YYY where XXX and YYY are the ISO 4217 international three-letter code of the currencies involved The first currency (XXX) is the base currency that is quoted relative to the second currency (YYY) called the counter currency (or quote currency) For instance the quotation EURUSD (EUR/USD) 1.5465 is the price of the Euro expressed in US dollars meaning 1 euro = 1.5465 dollars The market convention is to quote most exchange rates against the USD with the US dollar as the base currency (e.g USDJPY USDCAD USDCHF) The exceptions are the British pound (GBP) Australian dollar (AUD) the New Zealand dollar (NZD) and the euro (EUR) where the USD is the counter currency (e.g GBPUSD AUDUSD NZDUSD EURUSD). On 13 December 2018 Singapore denied that the Seletar ILS placed compulsory height restrictions in Pasir Gudang and that Malaysia sovereignty over Pasir Gudang airspace was never questioned by Singapore being the party delegated by Malaysia to manage that airspace since 1973 and agreed by both countries and approved by the ICAO Singapore also stated that based on historical meteorological patterns the Seletar and Pasir Gudang regions faced opposing wind directions for each half of a year thus singular directional approach and take-off procedures via Seletar's Runway 03 only will render flight operations unsafe, December 1945 captured Mitsubishi J2M Raiden fighters belonging to the 381st Kokutai of Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service being evaluated at Seletar airfield, In August 1941 Mountbatten was appointed captain of the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious which lay in Norfolk Virginia for repairs following action at Malta in the Mediterranean in January. During this period of relative inactivity he paid a flying visit to Pearl Harbor three months before the Japanese attack on the US naval base there Mountbatten appalled at the base's lack of preparedness drawing on Japan's history of launching wars with surprise attacks as well as the successful British surprise attack at the Battle of Taranto which had effectively knocked Italy's fleet out of the war and the sheer effectiveness of aircraft against warships accurately predicted that the US entry into the war would begin with a Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. A precursor to TIMSS was the First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) performed in 1964 in 11 countries for students aged 13 and in the final year of secondary education (FS) under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) This was followed in 1970-71 by the First International Science Study (FISS) for students aged 10 14 and FS Fourteen countries tested 10-year olds; 16 countries tested the older two groups These were replicated between 1980 and 1984, Highest qualification attained Population (2010) Percentage (2010) Angle Sector (2010), Government-aided 28 2.2 Singapore List of Japanese Army military engineer vehicles of World War II. In the early 17th century Singapore's main settlement and its port were destroyed by a punitive force from Aceh After this incident there was no significant settlement or port at Singapore until 1819 when Sir Stamford Raffles excited by the deep and sheltered waters in Keppel Harbour established for Britain a new settlement and international port on the island or an trading port. Singapore hosted the inaugural 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in which 3,600 athletes from 204 nations competed in 26 sports the island is home to ONE Championship the biggest Mixed Martial Arts promotion in Asia, Luckily the Singapore issue had its supporters in the House so as negotiations continued in Europe Raffles remained largely idle in Bencoolen The only major issue outside the politics of the local sultans involved the replacement of Farquhar who decided that he had no intention of leaving his post voluntarily causing a moment of tension between him and Travers Raffles' request for Travers to deliver dispatches to India nullified the issue late in the year and Farquhar remained in charge of Singapore with its survival still in doubt for many in both India and London who believed that it would either be handed over to the Dutch or taken violently by force when Castlereagh's negotiations had ended Still William Farquhar stirred up more trouble especially with local English merchants over trivial matters of self-importance and overreaction over small infractions of white traders for some of which he was reprimanded by Calcutta officially Public works commissioned by Raffles but undertaken by Farquhar were becoming overwhelmingly expensive, 4.6.1 Violation Of Malaysian Sovereignty Healthcare providers.
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