Hwa Chong Institution was the first Chinese institution of learning in Southeast Asia in 1919 (5.86) 156.5 Singapore maintains tight restrictions on arts and cultural performances Most artistic works have to be vetted by the government in advance and topics that breach so-called out of bounds markers (OB markers) are not permitted While the OB markers are not publicly defined they are generally assumed to include sensitive topics such as race religion and allegations of corruption or nepotism in government Nudity and other forms of loosely defined "obscenity" are also banned Singaporean film director Royston Tan has produced movies which challenge these policies including a movie called Cut in reference to censorship of the arts. International Baccalaureate North America (IBNA) was established in 1975 by Peter Nehr International Baccalaureate Africa Europe and Middle-East (IBAEM) in 1986 and International Baccalaureate Asia Pacific (IBAP) during the same period, The public sector is used both as an investor and as a catalyst for economic development and innovation The government of Singapore has two sovereign wealth funds Temasek Holdings and GIC Private Limited which are used to manage the country's reserves. Initially the state's role was oriented more toward managing industries for economic development but in recent decades the objectives of Singapore's sovereign wealth funds have shifted to a commercial basis, Main article: Media of Singapore. Imported water from Malaysia (up to 250 million imperial gallons (1,100,000 m3) per day according to the 99-year agreement signed in 1962 plus an additional quantity under the 1990 agreement), Ranks of the Imperial Japanese Army, 5.2 Glaciers Kuih or kueh small cakes or coconut milk based desserts that come in a variety of flavours usually containing fruit such as durian or banana Pandan is a common flavouring. The legal system of Singapore is based on English common law but with substantial local differences Trial by jury was abolished in 1970 so that judicial decisions would rest entirely in the hands of appointed judges. Singapore has penalties that include judicial corporal punishment in the form of caning which may be imposed for such offences as rape rioting vandalism and certain immigration offences. There is Capital punishment in Singapore for murder as well as for certain aggravated drug-trafficking and firearms offences. 9 Further reading The coming of Islam strengthened the status structure of this traditional religious pattern More than 90 percent of the people of Java are Muslims on a broad continuum between abangan (more traditional) and santri (more modernist) The Muslim scholar of the writ (Kyai) became the new religious elite as Hindu influences receded Islam recognises no hierarchy of religious leaders nor a formal priesthood but the Dutch colonial government established an elaborate rank order for mosque and other Islamic preaching schools In Javanese pesantren (Islamic schools) The Kyai perpetuated the tradition of the resi Students around him provided his needs even peasants around the school. .
. ! On the broadest scale the rate at which energy is received from the Sun and the rate at which it is lost to space determine the equilibrium temperature and climate of Earth This energy is distributed around the globe by winds ocean currents and other mechanisms to affect the climates of different regions, The Tun Razak government announced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1971 Its stated goal was to "eventually eradicate poverty. irrespective of race" through a "rapidly expanding economy" which emphasised to increase the Malays' share in the national economy to a reasonable portion between all the races The NEP targeted a 30 per cent Malay share of the economy by 1990 The government contended that this would lead to a "just society" ("Masyarakat Adil") the latter slogan being used to promote acceptance of the policy Quotas in education and the civil service that the Constitution had explicitly provided for were expanded by the NEP which also mandated government interference in the private sector For instance 30% of all shares in initial public offerings (IPOs) would be disbursed by the government to selective Bumiputras The old civil service hiring quota of 4 Malays for every non-Malay's was effectively disregarded in practice; between 1969 and 1973 98% of all new government employees were Malay Five new universities were opened under the NEP two of which were targeted to focus on the poor Malays and Muslims citizens, 6 External links 4.1 Sampling In 2002 Singapore commissioned its first reclaimed water plant thus opening a "Third Tap" This was done carefully after a monitoring period of two years to ensure safe water quality There was also an active marketing campaign that included the opening of a visitor center the sale of NEWater in bottles and the Prime Minister drinking a bottle of NEWater in front of the cameras in 2005 Singapore opened its first seawater desalination plant the "Fourth Tap" In the meantime it also further expanded its reservoirs the "First Tap" Today's largest reservoir the Marina Bay reservoir was inaugurated in 2008 It is located in the estuary of a river that has been closed off by a barrage to keep the seawater out Two similar barrages were completed in July 2011 forming the Punggol Reservoir and the Serangoon Reservoir When the 1961 water agreement with Malaysia ended in August 2011 Singapore could thus afford to let it expire. ! 9 Integrated Programme During the 1960s RAF Seletar was home base to No's 103 and 110 Squadrons both of which were equipped with Westland Whirlwind Mk 10 helicopters and to 34 Squadron which was equipped with Blackburn Beverley transports All three Squadrons (among several others) were involved with support of operations in North Borneo during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation From June 1962 66 Squadron (led by Sqn Leader Gray) with their Bristol 192 Belvedere helicopters were also based at Seletar and were sent on frequent tours and detachments to Kuching Brunei Labuan and Butterworth as part of the Borneo hearts and minds campaign (the squadron was later disbanded in March 1969) the helicopter squadrons provided a search and rescue service for the Singapore area The station was also at that time home to 209 Squadron equipped with Single and Twin Pioneer aircraft 65 Squadron based at Seletar operated Bloodhound Mk II surface-to-air missiles as anti-aircraft defence from 1 January 1964 until the squadron was disbanded on 30 March 1970 with the equipment and role handed over to 170 Squadron Republic of Singapore Air Force. Auster aircraft were flown during the Emergency and Confrontation periods in troop/enemy spotting patrols.
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