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. Other forms of monetary policy particularly used when interest rates are at or near 0% and there are concerns about deflation or deflation is occurring are referred to as unconventional monetary policy These include credit easing quantitative easing forward guidance and signaling in credit easing a central bank purchases private sector assets to improve liquidity and improve access to credit Signaling can be used to lower market expectations for lower interest rates in the future For example during the credit crisis of 2008 the US Federal Reserve indicated rates would be low for an "extended period" and the Bank of Canada made a "conditional commitment" to keep rates at the lower bound of 25 basis points (0.25%) until the end of the second quarter of 2010.

See also: Culture of Indonesia and Music of Java. Towards water self-sufficiency (since 2002) Rojak bandung a variant of Singaporean style rojak. Topography Senate S$68,205 S$354.061 US$273.022, In Tun Razak's cabinet the two most powerful men other than him were Ismail Abdul Rahman and Ghazali Shafie who had declared the Westminster-style Parliamentary system inappropriate for Malaysia Tun Razak also readmitted to the party "ultras" who had been expelled like Mahathir and Musa Hitam Mahathir gained notoriety after his expulsion from UMNO by authoring the Malay Dilemma a book promptly banned from Malaysia which posited that the Malays are the definitive people of Malaysia and thus deserved special rights as the sovereign people of the nation It also controversially argued that the Malays needed affirmative action to overcome deficiencies in their genetic stock, This section needs to be updated Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information (July 2013). S$5.876 US$925 Senate According to recent studies global-mean sea level rose by 195 mm during the period from 1870 to 2004. Since 2004 satellite-based records indicate that there has been a further 43 mm of global-mean sea levels rise as of July 2017. Despite their successes in governing Singapore the PAP leaders believed that Singapore's future lay with Malaya due to strong ties between the two nations It was thought that the merger would benefit the economy by creating a common market which will support new industries solving the ongoing unemployment woes in Singapore However a sizeable pro-communist wing of the PAP was strongly opposed to the merger fearing a loss of influence and hence formed the Barisan Sosialis splitting from the PAP. This was because the ruling party of Malaya United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) was staunchly anti-communist and would support the non-communist faction of PAP against them UMNO who was initially sceptical of the idea of a merger as they distrust the PAP government and were concerned that the large Chinese population in Singapore would alter the racial balance on which their political power base depended changed their minds about the merger after being afraid of being taken over by pro-communists On 27 May 1961 Malaya's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman made a surprise proposal of a Federation of Malaysia comprising existing Federation of Malaya Singapore Brunei and the British Borneo territories of North Borneo and Sarawak the UMNO leaders believed that the additional Malay population in the Borneo territories would offset Singapore's Chinese population the British government for its part believed that the merger would prevent Singapore from becoming a haven for communism to secure the mandate of the people the PAP called for the 1962 Merger Referendum which provided different terms for merger with Malaysia but no options for avoiding it As a result on 16 September 1963 Singapore joined with the Federation of Malaya the Crown Colony of Sarawak and the Crown Colony of North Borneo to form the new federation of Malaysia under the terms of the Malaysia Agreement with Singapore being granted a high level of autonomy compared to other states in Malaysia. 4.8 Pasir Gudang Airspace Declared as Restricted Military Area, During the almost two-month interval prior to the declaration of war the two service staffs developed a two-stage operational plan against China The army's 5th Division would land at Chemulpo to prevent a Chinese advance in Korea while the navy would engage the Beiyang fleet in a decisive battle in order to secure control of the seas. If the navy defeated the Chinese fleet decisively and secured command of the seas the larger part of the army would undertake immediate landings on the coast between Shanhaiguan and Tientsin and advance to the Zhili plain in order to defeat the main Chinese forces and bring the war to a swift conclusion. If neither side gained control of the sea and supremacy the army would concentrate on the occupation of Korea and exclude Chinese influence there. Lastly if the navy was defeated and consequently lost command of the sea Japanese forces in Korea would be ordered to hang on and fight a rearguard action while the bulk of the army would remain in Japan in preparation to repel a Chinese invasion This worst-case scenario also foresaw attempts to rescue the beleaguered 5th Division in Korea while simultaneously strengthening homeland defenses The army's contingency plans which were both offensive and defensive depended on the outcome of the naval operations. . See also Seletar Airbase Light Rail Transit (LRT) PISA 2015 was presented on 6 December 2016 with results for around 540,000 participating students in 72 countries with Singapore emerging as the top performer in all categories.