! Nagasari a rice snack with Indonesian origins, IB Sports Exercise and Health Science Singapore officially the Republic of Singapore is an island city-state in Southeast Asia It lies one degree (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south and Peninsular Malaysia to the north Singapore's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets Since independence extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 square kilometres or 50 square miles) The nation is known for its transition from a developing to a developed country in a single generation under the leadership of its founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. 2.1 Conventional instrument 11 Further reading 7 Research on possible causes of PISA disparities in different countries (75.7) 24.6 In 2011 CERN announced the initial results from its CLOUD experiment in the Nature journal the results indicate that ionisation from cosmic rays significantly enhances aerosol formation in the presence of sulfuric acid and water but in the lower atmosphere where ammonia is also required this is insufficient to account for aerosol formation and additional trace vapours must be involved The next step is to find more about these trace vapours including whether they are of natural or human origin. In a fixed exchange rate regime exchange rates are decided by the government while a number of theories have been proposed to explain (and predict) the fluctuations in exchange rates in a floating exchange rate regime including:, Main articles: Demographics of Singapore and Singaporeans During the relatively brief British rule in Java Raffles negotiated peace and mounted some significant military expeditions against local Javanese princes to subjugate them to British rule Most significant of these was the assault on Yogyakarta on 21 June 1812; Yogyakarta was one of the two most powerful indigenous polities in Java During the attack the Yogyakarta kraton was badly damaged and extensively looted by British troops Raffles seized much of the contents of the court archive The event was unprecedented in Javanese history It was the first time an indigenous court had been taken by storm by a European army and the humiliation of the local aristocracy was profound. Although peace returned to Central Java in the immediate aftermath of the British assault the events may have fuelled the deep-seated instability and hostility to European involvement that ultimately gave rise to the Java War of the 1820s. Raffles also ordered an expedition to Palembang in Sumatra to unseat the local sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II and to seize the nearby Bangka Island to set up a permanent British presence in the area in the case of the return of Java to Dutch rule after the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition in Europe. The English name of Singapore is an anglicisation of the native Malay name for the country Singapura which was in turn derived from Sanskrit (??????? IAST: Si?hapura; si?ha is "lion" pura is "town" or "city") hence the customary reference to the nation as the Lion City and its inclusion in many of the nation's symbols (e.g its coat of arms Merlion emblem) However it is unlikely that lions ever lived on the island; Sang Nila Utama the Srivijayan prince said to have founded and named the island Singapura perhaps saw a Malayan tiger There are however other suggestions for the origin of the name and scholars do not believe that the origin of the name is firmly established the central island has also been called Pulau Ujong as far back as the third century CE literally "island at the end" (of the Malay Peninsula) in Malay. Ketupat rice cakes steamed in a square-shaped coconut leaf wrapping and usually served with satay!
The foreign exchange market works through financial institutions and operates on several levels Behind the scenes banks turn to a smaller number of financial firms known as "dealers" who are involved in large quantities of foreign exchange trading Most foreign exchange dealers are banks so this behind-the-scenes market is sometimes called the "interbank market" (although a few insurance companies and other kinds of financial firms are involved) Trades between foreign exchange dealers can be very large involving hundreds of millions of dollars Because of the sovereignty issue when involving two currencies Forex has little (if any) supervisory entity regulating its actions; In Tun Razak's cabinet the two most powerful men other than him were Ismail Abdul Rahman and Ghazali Shafie who had declared the Westminster-style Parliamentary system inappropriate for Malaysia Tun Razak also readmitted to the party "ultras" who had been expelled like Mahathir and Musa Hitam Mahathir gained notoriety after his expulsion from UMNO by authoring the Malay Dilemma a book promptly banned from Malaysia which posited that the Malays are the definitive people of Malaysia and thus deserved special rights as the sovereign people of the nation It also controversially argued that the Malays needed affirmative action to overcome deficiencies in their genetic stock. Mountbatten was fond of Congress leader Jawaharlal Nehru and his liberal outlook for the country He felt differently about the Muslim leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah but was aware of his power stating "If it could be said that any single man held the future of India in the palm of his hand in 1947 that man was Mohammad Ali Jinnah." During his meeting with Jinnah on 5 April 1947, Mountbatten tried to persuade Jinnah of a united India citing the difficult task of dividing the mixed states of Punjab and Bengal but the Muslim leader was unyielding in his goal of establishing a separate Muslim state called Pakistan; For the first time ever Singapore surpassed Japan in average daily foreign-exchange trading volume in April 2013 with $383 billion per day So the order became: United Kingdom (41%) United States (19%) Singapore (6%) Japan (6%) and Hong Kong (4%), Other titles include First Minister Chief Executive President of the Council of Ministers. . Foreign exchange trading increased by 20% between April 2007 and April 2010 and has more than doubled since 2004 the increase in turnover is due to a number of factors: the growing importance of foreign exchange as an asset class the increased trading activity of high-frequency traders and the emergence of retail investors as an important market segment The growth of electronic execution and the diverse selection of execution venues has lowered transaction costs increased market liquidity and attracted greater participation from many customer types In particular electronic trading via online portals has made it easier for retail traders to trade in the foreign exchange market By 2010 retail trading was estimated to account for up to 10% of spot turnover or $150 billion per day (see below: Retail foreign exchange traders). [icon] 3 Non-sovereign city-states In 2007 the Port of Singapore was ranked the world's busiest port surpassing Hong Kong and Shanghai the Port of Singapore is also ranked the Best Seaport in Asia. .
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