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. Main article: Russo-Japanese War, Farquhar was officially named the Resident of Singapore and Raffles was named as "Agent to the Most Noble the Governor-General with the States of Rhio (Riau) Lingin and Johor" Although ownership of the post was to be exclusively British explicit orders were given to Farquhar to maintain free passage of ships through the Strait of Singapore and a small military presence was established alongside the trading post After issuing orders to Farquhar and the remaining Europeans Raffles left the next day 7 February 1819, Issues Raised Between Malaysia and Singapore A precursor to TIMSS was the First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) performed in 1964 in 11 countries for students aged 13 and in the final year of secondary education (FS) under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) This was followed in 1970-71 by the First International Science Study (FISS) for students aged 10 14 and FS Fourteen countries tested 10-year olds; 16 countries tested the older two groups These were replicated between 1980 and 1984. (1US$ to S$) The coming of Islam strengthened the status structure of this traditional religious pattern More than 90 percent of the people of Java are Muslims on a broad continuum between abangan (more traditional) and santri (more modernist) The Muslim scholar of the writ (Kyai) became the new religious elite as Hindu influences receded Islam recognises no hierarchy of religious leaders nor a formal priesthood but the Dutch colonial government established an elaborate rank order for mosque and other Islamic preaching schools In Javanese pesantren (Islamic schools) The Kyai perpetuated the tradition of the resi Students around him provided his needs even peasants around the school. Soon kway (??; sun guo) a white vegetable dumpling with black soy sauce, Hainanese curry rice is a dish consisting of steamed white rice smothered in a mess of curries and braised gravy!

Main article: Secondary education in Singapore Indian influences came first with Shaivism and Buddhism penetrating deeply into society blending with indigenous tradition and culture. One conduit for this were the ascetics called resi who taught mystical practices A resi lived surrounded by students who took care of their master's daily needs Resi's authorities were merely ceremonial At the courts Brahmin clerics and pudjangga (sacred literati) legitimised rulers and linked Hindu cosmology to their political needs. Small Hindu enclaves are scattered throughout Java but there is a large Hindu population along the eastern coast nearest Bali especially around the town of Banyuwangi, RUB (?) Effect on business cycles 6.1 Demographic profile. 7.2 Taxi Singapore has one of the most cost-efficient public transport networks in the world according to a study by London consulting firm Credo. Public transport covers a variety of transport modes such as bus rail and taxi. Malay However targeting the money supply growth rate is considered a weak policy because it is not stably related to the real output growth As a result a higher output growth rate will result in a too low level of inflation A low output growth rate will result in inflation that would be higher than the desired level. The Malay term Tanah Melayu is derived from the word Tanah (land) and Melayu (Malays) thus it means "the Malay land" The term can be found in various Malay texts of which the oldest dating back to the early 17th century. It is frequently mentioned in the Hikayat Hang Tuah a well known classic tales associated with the legendary heroes of Malacca Sultanate Tanah Melayu in the text is consistently employed to refer to the area under Malaccan dominance. In the 1974 election Pekemas attempted to contest eventually winning almost 40% of the vote However it failed to win any Parliamentary or State Assembly seats with USNO holding onto the state government. Leisure interests 3 Ethnic areas Singapore has a diverse music culture that ranges from pop and rock to folk and classical Western classical music plays a significant role in the cultural life in Singapore with the Singapore Symphony Orchestra (SSO) instituted in 1979 Other notable western orchestras in Singapore include Singapore National Youth Orchestra which is funded by the Ministry of Education and the community-based Braddell Heights Symphony Orchestra. Many orchestras and ensembles are also found in secondary schools and junior colleges Various communities have their own distinct ethnic musical traditions: Chinese Malays Indians and Eurasians With their traditional forms of music and various modern musical styles the fusion of different forms account for the musical diversity in the country the nation's lively urban musical scene has made it a centre for international performances and festivals in the region Some of Singapore's best known pop singers includes Stefanie Sun, JJ Lin Liang Wern Fook Taufik Batisah and Dick Lee who is famous for composing National Day theme songs including Home. .