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The Reid Commission led by Lord William Reid was formed to draft the constitution Although enshrining concepts such as federalism and a constitutional monarchy the proposed constitution also contained provisions protecting special rights for the Malays such as quotas in admission to higher education and the civil service and making Islam the official religion of the federation It also made Malay the official language of the nation although the right to vernacular education in Chinese and Tamil would be protected Although the Tunku and the Malay rulers had asked the Reid Commission to ensure that "in an independent Malaya all nationals should be accorded equal rights privileges and opportunities and there must not be discrimination on grounds of race and creed," the Malay privileges which many in UMNO backed were cited as necessary by the Reid Commission as a form of affirmative action that would eventually be phased out These measures were included as Articles 3 152 and 153 of the Constitution. . (April 2016) Singapore's economic strategy produced real growth averaging 8.0% from 1960 to 1999 Since the nations independence in 1965 Singapore GDP has amassed an average of a 9.5% increase the economy picked up in 1999 Under Goh Chok Tong the Prime Minister of Singapore after the regional financial crisis with a growth rate of 5.4% followed by 9.9% for 2000 However the economic slowdown in the United States Japan and the European Union as well as the worldwide electronics slump had reduced the estimated economic growth in 2001 to a negative 2.0%, Determinants of exchange rates Paleoclimatology is the study of changes in climate taken on the scale of the entire history of Earth It uses a variety of proxy methods from the Earth and life sciences to obtain data previously preserved within things such as rocks sediments ice sheets tree rings corals shells and microfossils It then uses the records to determine the past states of the Earth's various climate regions and its atmospheric system Notable climate events known to paleoclimatology are provided in this list of periods and events in climate history. ! Lower House (represents the people), 3 Switzerland UBS 8.8% Human activities can also change earth's climate and are presently driving climate change through global warming. There is no general agreement in scientific media or policy documents as to the precise term to be used to refer to anthropogenic forced change; either "global warming" or "climate change" may be used the first describes the average effect on a global scale whilst the second describes how different geographical regions are affected differently, Senate Ice cores. 1975 US$5.789 Singapore remains highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change; in particular the rising sea levels may pose a major threat to the very survival of the country in the long-term perspective. Independent 0 Nominal anchors Singapore business directory!

Main article: Boxer Rebellion, In 2018 Singapore hawker culture was nominated by Singapore's National Heritage Board (NHB) National Environment Agency and Federation of Merchants' Associations Singapore for inscription into Unesco's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Sports The Special Assistance Plan (SAP) is a special programme in Singapore established in 1979 that caters to academically strong students who excel in both their mother tongue as well as English It allows students to undertake English Language and Chinese Language at first language standard in the Special academic stream (a modified variation of the Express academic stream assimilated into the Express academic stream in 2006) with a widened exposure to the Chinese culture and values The programme is offered in designated schools that are recognised for its preservation of strong Chinese cultural heritage and academic excellence. Currently there are a total of 15 primary schools and 11 high schools being accorded SAP status. .